Tyvak-0130 CubeSat Mission
EO
Operational (nominal)
Tyvak
Tyvak-0130 CubeSat mission is built and operated by Tyvak. It is based on a 6U CubeSat form factor, and was built in partnership with Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). It aims to demonstrate advanced capabilities for space domain awareness and Earth observation to better track space objects and debris. While the mission is currently scientific, once on-orbit validation is complete, the satellite will likely be commercialised. It was launched in May 2021 aboard SpaceX’s Falcon 9 and carries its space telescope using LLNL’s Monolithic Telescope technology for possible commercialisation.
Quick facts
Overview
Mission type | EO |
Agency | Tyvak |
Mission status | Operational (nominal) |
Launch date | 15 May 2021 |
CEOS EO Handbook | See Tyvak-0130 CubeSat Mission summary |
Summary
Mission Capabilities
Tyvak-0130 hosts a GEOStare2 telescope system, developed by LLNL. It is a high-resolution monolithic optical telescope with two co-boresighted imaging channels, made from a single piece of fused silica. Due to this design, it does not require precise alignment between two separate mirrors to ensure proper focusing, allowing for a smaller, less expensive spacecraft to carry the device. It is highly compact and extremely robust against vibration loads and temperature swings.
Tyvak-0130 hosts one telescope with a narrow field of view to provide high-resolution imagery and another with a wide field of view. Both the telescopes in Tyvak-0130's payload can produce super-high-resolution images in a small form factor at a low cost.
Compared to its predecessor (Tyvak-61), the satellite is capable of accommodating twice the number of telescopes.
Performance Specifications
Tyvak-0130 follows a Low Earth Orbit (LEO) at 575 kilometres, inclined at an angle of 53°. The satellite is based on CubeSat form factor and consists of 6 units, meaning the size is equivalent to six blocks of ten-centimetre-wide cubes, with a weight of approximately eleven kilograms.
The Medium field-of-view imager is optimised for high sensitivity for space domain awareness applications. This imager has a sensitive-backside-illuminated two-megapixel complementary metal oxide semiconductor. It features a platescale of three arcseconds per pixel and sensitivity to 14th magnitude stars.
Space and Hardware Components
Tyvak-0130 is the third flight of a miniature telescope after GeoStare and Pathfinder Risk Reduction. It also boasts a high-performance flight computer developed entirely by Tyvak.
The monolithic telescope replaces the primary and secondary mirror structures in standard telescopes, with one solid piece of glass with optical shapes and reflective coatings at both ends of the glass. The telescopes aboard can observe multiple wavelengths simultaneously.
Tyvak-0130 CubeSat Mission
Launch Mission Status References
Tyvak 0130 is an optical spectrum astronomical technology demonstration satellite built by Tyvak on the CubeSat (6U) form factor. The technology was developed by Tyvak NanoSatellite Systems and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under a four-year agreement to advance compact telescopes for commercial applications, Tyvak's CEO Christian "Boris" Becker said in an interview with SpaceNews. Becker, a retired U.S. Navy rear admiral, was recently named chief executive of Tyvak, a satellite manufacturer in Irvine, California, owned by Terran Orbital. 1)
The satellite carries a miniature space telescope called MonoTele for possible commercial use. The technology was developed by Tyvak NanoSatellite Systems and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) under a four-year agreement to advance compact telescopes for commercial applications. It is a high-resolution monolithic optical telescope system, fabricated from a single piece of fused silica, for deployment on small satellites. It is highly compact and extremely robust against vibration loads and temperature swings. It is the third flight of such a miniature telescope after GeoStare and Pathfinder Risk Reduction.
Tyvak, a manufacturer of small satellites, disclosed new details Monday about an experimental spacecraft launched aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket Saturday, revealing plans to validate compact optical telescopes that could offer a new way to monitor space traffic and orbital debris. 2)
Tyvak, a manufacturer of small satellites, disclosed new details on May 17 about an experimental spacecraft launched aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket Saturday, revealing plans to validate compact optical telescopes that could offer a new way to monitor space traffic and orbital debris.
Tyvak said the new satellite builds on lessons learned from Tyvak 61, a smaller 3U CubeSat launched in 2018. Tyvak 61, also known as GeoStare, tested the performance of monolithic telescope design that could be used to collect remote sensing data for Earth observation, astronomy, and space debris tracking applications.
The monolithic telescope replaces the primary and secondary mirror structures in standard telescopes with one solid piece of glass, according to Tyvak and LLNL, with optical shapes and reflective coatings at both ends of the glass.
LLNL's monolithic telescope design does not require precise alignment between two separate mirrors to ensure proper focusing, simplifying the design and allowing a smaller, less expensive spacecraft to carry the monolithic telescope, officials said.
Tyvak 61 "produced exceptional imagery of stellar fields and ground targets in the visible spectrum," the Tyvak spokesperson said.
The larger Tyvak-0130 satellite can accommodate twice the number of telescopes as the Tyvak 61 testbed. The new spacecraft is now in its commissioning phase, according to Tyvak.
The Tyvak- 0130 feature improvements to better track space objects and debris, and can see in multiple wavelengths simultaneously, Tyvak said.
"Once on-orbit performance validation is completed, Tyvak 0130 will be the most optimized commercial Space Situational Awareness (SSA) satellite available in the market today," the company said.
Launch
On Saturday, May 15 at 22:56 UTC (6:56 p.m. EDT) a SpaceX Falcon 9 vehicle launched a set of 52 Starlink satellites, the Capella-6 SAR microsatellite, and a Tyvak-0310 nanosatellite (6U CubeSat, mass of 11 kg) from Launch Complex 39A (LC-39A) at Kennedy Space Center in Florida. 3)
Becker said Lawrence Livermore has "tremendous depth and expertise in imaging capabilities." The lab has developed mini-telescopes that range in size from one inch to 14 inches (Ref. 1).
Tyvak is studying options to commercialize the lab's space telescope technology, Becker said. "We'll see where this takes us. We've got work ahead of us to make sure that all the systems are operating as they should."
As incoming CEO, Becker said he sees growing opportunities for Tyvak's small satellite buses. The company supplies buses to sister company PredaSAR which plans to deploy a constellation of SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) imaging satellites.
Tyvak also is supplying buses to Lockheed Martin, which last year won a contract from the Pentagon's SDA (Space Development Agency) to provide 10 communications satellites. Becker said SDA will be an important customer for commercial space suppliers because it is "changing the way we acquire space systems in the Defense Department."
Two CubeSats built by Tyvak were launched in March by Rocket Lab for two separate Australian companies developing internet-of-things satellite constellations: Myriota 7 for Myriota and Centauri 3 for Fleet.
Mission Status
• June 17, 2021: Tyvak released the first images of objects in orbit and on the ground captured by telescopes the satellite manufacturer developed with the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). 4)
- The technology demonstration satellite, Tyvak-0130, launched May 15 on a SpaceX Falcon 9 rideshare flight. The two telescopes that make up Tyvak-0130's GeoStare2 payload "are producing super high-resolution images in a small form factor at a low cost," Marc Bell, CEO of Terran Orbital, Tyvak's parent company, told SpaceNews.
- Tyvak announced that it completed in-orbit checkout and commissioning of the shoebox-size satellite, which has transmitted more than 4,500 images.
- "Our payload is operating very well; we're ahead of schedule on the checkout," Wim de Vries, astrophysicist and associate program leader for LLNL's Space Science and Security Program, said in a statement. "The satellite is functioning extremely well."
- While many small satellites are observing objects on the ground, few have focused on gathering data on objects in orbit. SDW (Space Domain Awareness), previously called Space Situational Awareness, is a growing concern for satellite operators as spacecraft launches accelerate and space debris concerns mount.
- "It's much easier to conduct space domain awareness from space because you don't have to look through clouds and you don't have to wait for darkness," de Vries said in a statement.
- With satellite commissioning activities completed, Tyvak and LLNL plan to focus on conducting experiments to demonstrate capabilities including "responsive and on-demand terrestrial imaging with minimal delay" and space science, according to Tyvak's June 17 news release.
- Tyvak and LLNL are working together under a four-year, $6 million cooperative research and development agreement focused on mounting LLNL's Monolithic Telescope (MonoTele) technology on small satellites. MonoTele is a space telescope fabricated from a single, monolithic fused silica slab, which offers benefits in terms of spacecraft size, weight and power.
- Tyvak-0130 hosts one telescope with a narrow field of view to provide high resolution imagery and another with a wide field of view.
References
1) Sandra Erwin, "Tyvak satellite on SpaceX rideshare mission carries tiny space telescope," SpaceNews, 17 May 2021, URL: https://spacenews.com/
tyvak-satellite-on-spacex-rideshare-mission-carries-tiny-space-telescope/
2) Stephen Clark, "Tyvak smallsat launched by SpaceX to validate miniature space debris telescope," Spaceflight Now, 18 May 2021, URL: https://spaceflightnow.com/2021/05/18/
tyvak-smallsat-launched-by-spacex-to-validate-miniature-debris-tracking-telescope/
3) "Recent Launch Starlink Mission," SpaceX, 15 May 2021, URL: https://www.spacex.com/launches/
4) Debra Werner, "Tyvak and Lawrence Livermore National Lab release Earth and space images," SpaceNews, 17 June 2021, URL: https://spacenews.com/tyvak-llnl-0130-first-images/
The information compiled and edited in this article was provided by Herbert J. Kramer from his documentation of: "Observation of the Earth and Its Environment: Survey of Missions and Sensors" (Springer Verlag) as well as many other sources after the publication of the 4th edition in 2002. - Comments and corrections to this article are always welcome for further updates (eoportal@symbios.space).